Combined suspension and arch bridge



l9 7. April 26 s. e. KRIVOSHEIN COMBINED SUSPENSION AND ARCH BRIDGE Filed July 26. 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 I lnvenTo'r.

a .m .w mWA 2 MW w G Wm 0 05 6 wh 1927' Apnl 6 G. G. KRIVOSHEIN COMBiNED SUSPENSION AND ARCH BRIDGE 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jul.v 26. 1926 \nvenTor. Gregory G. Krivos hein WW W1; W

ATTys.

April 26, 1927. 1,626,241

' e. s. KRIVOSHE IN COMBINED SUSPENSION ARCH BRIDGE med July 26. 1926 e Sheets-Sheet 4 Gre or GKrivoshein' I b y wiw kfrm if.

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G. G. KRIVQSHEIN COMBINED SUSPENSION AND ARCH BRIDGE Filed July 26. 1926 e Shets-Sheet 5 April 26 1927.

' Inve'nTor.

GregoryQKrivoshein v V byfuuJMAW Aflys;

1,626,241 April 5 e. e. KRIVOSHEIN f COMBINED SUSPENSION AND ARCH BRIDGE 7 Filed July 26,1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 lnvenTor.

Gregory G. Krivoshein byfza/ a g tzdfim Anys.

Patented Apr. 26;, 19 27.

UUNITED; STATES PATENTQFFICE f GREGORY G. KBIVOSHEIN, OF PRAGUE, GZECHOSL6VAKIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF '120 JOHN B. FREEMAN, OF'PROVIDENOE, RHODE ISLAN (JOINIEBIN'ED SUSPENSION AFID BRIDGE.

Application filed July 26,

This invention relates to. a ,brid e con.- struction in which the principles of t e arch bine to present a novel, economical and eflicient unitary brid e construction.

- The object of t e invention is to rov de such a combined chain and arch bri ge con-v struction in which one, and referabl both, ends ofthe bridge are sel -anchore thus eliminating end thrust on the abutment or abutments.

The object ofthe invention is further to ,pro'vide'a "combined chain and arch bridge.

inwhich the chain andthe arch cooperate eiiiciently in sustaining the load .and 'in which deformations due to changes in temperature or other conditions are minimized and efliciently distributed betweeiithe chain and the arch elements.

The object of the invention is further to provide a combined chain and arch bridge construction in which. the ,chain and arch elements are; connected at regular intervals by vertical stress members under tension. f is The'object of the inventionis further to provide a combined chain and arch bridge in which each, and preferably both, end

' -spa'ns are constituted as strut members and arch elements.

preferably as arch sectioris vertically anchored at their outer ends and to which the end or ends of the chain are connected thus eliminating end thrust onthe abutment or abutments, and in which deformations due to changes in temperature are minimized and efliciently distributed between the chain and The object of the invention is further 'to provide a self-anchored combined chain and arch bridge in which the ri'seof the arch and the drop of the chain are so correlated that the stress of the chain is materially les than in an ordinary self-anchored suspension bridge with a stiffening bly 1n whiohthe rise 0 the arch and the ,drop of the chain are equal and the stress in the chainis twice less than in the ordi; v

"trate'thepi'irotal connection between the lefthandsidta arch-section and; the main .arch of a construction} such-as; shown 'in.-= '*Fig. 1.

nary self-anchored suspension bridge with the stiffening girder.

The object of the invention is further to P ovi e in w 'c the chain'- support'in'g'towers are bridge and the suspension brid e are coma the invention will appear more fully from the accompanying description and drawings which are always 'in Fig'. I separately;

girder and'prefera- I combined-(chain, and arch bridge scale.

. 192s. serial No. 124 195.

although they may be fixed immovably thereon. I l

These and other objects and featuresof and willbe partitularly pointed out in the claims. 7

As'the main features of the invention re I late to principles of construction, the drawings are chiefly in diagrammatic formand it will-.be understood that constructional de-;

: While, the main or central ortion of thebridge in-al'l cases has been s own as comprising two piers supportin the .main arch and the chain, it w ll be 0 vious that this .main span may be repeatedas many times as required withoutaltering the broad principles of the invention.

In the'drawmgs:

- -F1gs. 1 to 9, inclusive, are diagrammatic views of various'forms of bridges embodying-the invention.

Fig. 10is a diagrammatic view showing the. suspension element of the construction showii in Fig. 1 sep rately.

Fig. 11 is apdiagrzhl the. arch-elements of the construction shown -Fi'g. 1-2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating .the deformation oi-the construction shown in Fig. 1 due to expansion.

matic View showing Fig. ."13 is a view in transverse vertical- I cross section taken adjacent the left-hand pier of Fig. 1 showing some of the details of construction of a preferred form ofthe bridge. a

Fig. 14 is a side elevation'partially'i-n vertical cross section of the construction shown Fi 15i fdetail in side elevation minus- ;Fig. .16 is a .siihflarfdetail on a larger loo I 17 is similar ietailfshowing a connection between the main arch and the right-hand side arch section.

' Fig. 18 is a similar detail showing the connection at the center of the main arch sections. 9

Fig. 19 is a detail in side elevation and partially in vertical. cross section showing a simple and preferred'form of construction at the left-hand abutment.

Fig. is a View similar to Fig. 14 of a tower of the type immovably mounted on" I its ier. ig. 21 is a view similar to'Fig. 10 with the towers of the type immovably mounted on their piers Figs.22 to are diagrammatic views of a bridge construction of the type illustrated in Fig. 1 to indicate the application of the stresses.

It will be unnecessary to illustratev or de scribe in *detail.- the construction of a bridge embodying the principles of the invention as it may take various forms and the details will depend upon the dimensions .of the structure and will readily be understood by'" those familiar with engineering practice. The main feature of the invention resides 1n the combination of the suspension principle,

the ar'chfprinciple and the self-anchormgprinciple.

In Fig. 1 there is illustrated diagrammatically a bridge embodying a preferred form of the invention designed for one main span and two side o'rshorter spans and the suspensiona'nd arch elements rately in Figs. 10 and 11. Two piers, 1 and 2, of the required size and height and materialsfarebuilt up from suitable foundations above the surface 3 t5 be bridged over. The main arch extends between the piers 1 and 2 and in this form is shownin two. similar sections 4 and Sand is preferablyforined of structural steel inithe usual man ner. These arch sections are pivoted together at the center at 5. at is pivotally supported at 6 in aifixed ing on the pier The arch "section 5 is pivotally supported at 7 on -agsliding bearing 8 shown as mounted on rollers 9 on the pier 2. Thus'provision is made for expansion' and contraction of the arch.

Two abutments are show-n,'-10*'at the lefthand end of the bridge"and 11 at the righthand end. These abutmentsmay. be built in much thesame form as the piers and are of a comparatively light construction be-- cause 'with this type of bridge-they do not take end thrust. 4

Suitable thrust meinbeisf'are secured to the ends of the main arch and in this form 1 the are shown asthe side arch sections 12 '13. In the construction illustrated, these sections are practically straight, -or in form of skeleton girders. The arch sectioir12 is pivotally mounted on the same are sh own sepl- 12, The arch section bearpivotal axis 6 as the end of the arch section 4 and at its free end is supported upon. a

sliding bearing 14 shown as mounted on the rollers 15 on top of the abutment 10. This bearing is also anchored, as indicated at 16, against vertical movement. The sliding bearing 14 provides for the expansion and contraction of the side arch 12. The side arch 13 is similarly mounted on a sliding bearing 17 anchored against vertical movement'at 18 to the abutment 11.

The suspension member of the bridge,

shown separately in this form of construction in Fig. 10. involves towers mounted on the piers 1 and 2. Preferably these towers are constructed to oscillate on fixed bearings on the piers. Thetower 19 is shown 23 on the pivoted. at 20 on a fixed .bearing -pier 1, thus enabling it to.oscillate.' The tower 21 is-shown as pivoted at 22 on a.

fixed bearing 23 on the pier'2. In this-case both bearings of the towers are placed independently from the bearings of the arch. The suspension element or chain 25 extends over the top of the towers, having a properly the towers. The ends of-this chain are suitshaped saddle thereon, and depends between ably anchored and, in the construction illus- -trated in Fig. 1, are anchored at 26 to the end of the thrust member orside arch 12 at s expansion and contraction is shown v the dotted lines indicating the positions the elements take*-upon expansion. The pivoting of deforming stresses;

- It"'will be seen that the bridge is selfanchored in that the side arches 12 and 13 act as struts with their free ends held-against vertical movement so that thepull exerted by the chainis resolved into force s.- acting lengthwise of these strut members andvertically- -on the abutments.

types of arch bridge. The vertical reaction on the 'abutments depends upon the angle between the end of the chain and the horizontal and consequently when this angle issmall, this reaction is small. Thus the v Thus there is eliminated any end or side. thrust on the. abutments such as takes place with-ordinary of the towers on their bearings also enables the towers to oscillate and take care anchoring weight of the abutment is con-,

trolled. A bridge embodying the principle cf this invention'has certain distinctive properties which are illustrated in the diagrams of Figs. 22to 25. Assuming, for example, that the rise 30of'the arch is equal to the drop 31 of the chain, it willbe found that the stress of the' chainis wice less thanin ordi-.

tion, that is in the case of the self-"anchored hain and archbridge -'with the ing'girders.

nary

suspension brid es with simple stifi'en- In Fig.. 22 statically determinate system tithe iin'ven' combined'c main arbh pivoted in two sections at the ends and at the center.' The. equation of equilibrium of the left half of the, bridge is, Fi 23;--H-H=I=0a from which we half of the arch, see ig. 25. The e uation If, as assumed,-

equal to. the drop of the chain I, that is, of-

. stress H? in the'chain is equal to thesho'rizonv I tal stress Hf inthe'arch. f

I' i K r I A'=B- '-(P Q)- I The equation of the equilibrium of the chain is: v I I is 8f Consider now the uilibrium ofthe left of moments about the middle. pivota axis,

meg-'0;

.- Substituting in this equationthex'values of' A andg obtained from. the previous-equations we-havez r 1 the'rise, of the arch of is equals f, or a equals 1, it follows I v I that the hDIIZQIItal stress in the chainis:

thatis, the horizontal stress in the chain I of the self-anchored combined chain and arch bridge istwice less than in ordinary uspension bridges with stiffening girders.

i shown diagrammatically the -Conseq uently 'ttheistr'ess vertical stress members and the compression stresses n the towers are 11) this case twlce less than in ordinary suspension bridges. The hori zontal compression stress in the arch is in this case also twice less than-in. ordinary self-anchored suspension bridges with, a simple stifi'ening girder. Thus the present invention required.

bers connecting the arch and chain inthis'inventionare always tension stresess. If the chain crosses the arch, the stresses in the members under the arch and above the chain are compression stresses, but} the loads are always sufiieiently great-to :make the al of the stresses tension. stresses.

gebraic su Within \t e principles of the invention there maybe .many-vvariations in the con- 'struction.;[ In Figy2 the main. arch 32 exlZBIICllII bBtWBGII the piers 1 and 2 is not pivote at its center but is a continuous structure and the side. strut members 33 and 34 are rigidly continuouswith the central arch. The proportions are also .such that fthe chain crosses the arch. Otherwise the structure is similar to that already described.'

In Fig. 3 the central arch structure 35 is a continuous arch pivoted at its ends on the bearings on the piers 1 and 2,w le the side arches 36 and 37 are semi-arch ections pivoted at the piers to the central arch section and springing up and anchored at their free ends to the sliding bearings on the abutments 10 and 11. This enables the floor line 38 of the bridge to be carried at a higher level above the piers, but the principles of the stresses are substantially the same. 1

In Fi 4 the central arch portion is in the form 0 two arch sections 39 and 40 pivearings on the piers 1 and 2. The strut members 42 and 43 are simple girders or struts for perform ing the self-anchoring function and e xtend from thegpivots at the endof the arch to 'the hearings on the abiltmcnts 10 and 11. In Fig. 5 the central arch section 44 is of" the type shown in Fig. 3- and similarly 7 mounted, but in this case the chain .45 .crosses the arch. This strut meinber- 46 at the ri ht is in the form ot'a truss and at the le gives great economy in the material this truss 47 is of a different shape I. The stresses 9 in the vertical. stress memoted at 41 at the center and ivotallymount -j ed at their ends on the -H and the chain% instead of extending to the" extreme end 0 the-truss, is ,connected to the smiddle at 48. Y

In Fig. 6, the central arch; sectioii has .three pivotal points 49 at the center and 50 and'51, each located at a substantial-distance in the span from the piers 1 and 2. Thestrut members 52 and 53 are built continuously with those portions of the central arch tively. The chain crosses the arch. 4

In Fig. 7, the construction is similar to that shown in Fig. 6 with the exception that "extending to the pivots and 51, respec-.

the pivotal points 54 and 55 in the arch ele-v sliding bearings 59 for the chain are mount- .ed on rollers 60 on the top of the towers.

In Fig. 9, the construction is designed to illustrate a central span and a span'at one side only. In this case'thecentral arch section 61 is pivoted at'one'end 62 on an abutment 63 adapted to-take some side thrust" example,

and its other end is pivoted on a sliding bearing on a pier 66. One tower 67 is mounted to tower 68 is 'i 'nounted to oscillate at 6 4; on the fixed bearing 65. At the right-hand end the half span is covered by a side arch section oscillate at 62, while ,the other,

69 vertically anchored to the abutment 70.

through the sliding bearing 71. The chain 72 extends from the end of the side arch section 69 over the towers and is carried downand vertically. anchored at 73 in an abutment 7 4, the sole purpose fof which is to anchor the chain end vertically. The reactions at the right-hand side of-the bridge are similar to those already described, but at the lefthand side the self-anchoring feature is" absent because the abutment 63 takes the reaction fro'in'thearch and the abutment 74 substantially lateral width depending upon Thesliding bearings of the piers, suchas the right hand apier, in

that ftmn the chain. I Y

for the arch on one the constructions'shown'in Figs. 1 to, 7 "and "9 may be the same. as-shown in Fig. 11.

Where the"chain is not :used to'support the load, as in the construction shown in.

Figs. l, 8 and at the-alert 'of Fig. 9, it takes the form substantially of a straight line, but where it is connected' bythe vertical'stress members with the central arch and the side. arches or side stru't -members,-it' takes a parly slight, so. that, 'as already pointed out, the component of the force exerted on the 1 abolic or catenary form.

\Vhile, as already stated, theiconstruction and details will be- ;varied with" engineercourse, understood that" in referring to the chain and'the arch, these structures are of the dimensions of the bridge, the chains usually extending in multiple and the arch 19 comprises upright cohimns' united by lateral braces 75 having at their upper ends saddles with curved seats through which run freely the cables constituting the chain 25.

This tower structure at its lower end pivots on curved seats 76 formed on the bearing blocks 77 mounted on the ier. The

arch section 4, shown in duplicate and united 1 by cross members 7 8, carries the floor structure 79 with theside-walks' 80 and is pivoted on bearing blocks 81 mounted on the pier. These bearing blocks are shown in Figs. 15

and 16 more in detail where the pivotal connection 6 between the central arch section 4 and theside arch section 12 is illustrated.

The sliding bearing construction, when employed for the end of the central arch, may be of suitable construction, such, for as illustrated in Fig. .17. Here the pier 2 carries a base 82', on which are the 'rollers 9 supporting the sliding bearing 8- for the pivotal connection 7 between the central arch section 5 and the side arch section 13, as illustratedin Figs. 1 and 11.

The central pivotal .connection between the arch sections, such as-shown in Figs. 1 and 11 is shown in Fig. '18.

The construction at Ttheabutments is shown in a preferred form in-Fig. 19 where a construction shown diagrammatically at the left of Fig. 1 in particular is illustrated. In this construction a transverse beam 14 on the side arch truss 12 rests on rollers 15 on a plate 85 on the abutment. The anchor rods 16 extend well down into the. abutment 10. and are secured to an anchored beam 86 embedded therein. These anchor rods 16 at their upper" ends are pivotally connected .to a transverse beam 87 resting on rollers 15 end'of the truss or arch member 12. It will be noted in this case that the angle between thechain and. the horizontal is comparativethe bases of the respect ve towers are secured g tionj hc' ijstifieaing truss-crutch the bridge acts -as anarch"with"a-h'orizontal' in place by bolts passing through the.

bases and embedded in thestructure of'the piers.- The chain 25 reaves through the saddle at th'e top of the pier or in addition a sliding bearing mayjbe provided at the top of thepier, as shown in Fig, SlQiQ'Thef; arch element-comprising the central main' v arch and the orside arch sections may take-any of theforms already described.

It will be'seen thatin the present inventhrust-in the. arc-h} With this; principleof construction;the -horizontal stress of the. chain is less than. in an ord'inarysnspension .bridge and, ,nsrinstance, as already pointed out, twice less if'the rise of the arch-and the drop of the chain are equal. Thisgives a very considerable diminution of the weight of the chain asfcompared with-that in an ordinary suspension bridge.

Having thus described-the nvention,

what is claimedzas'new, and de re'd to' be secured by Letters' Patent, is :f

1. A combined 'suspension and 'archbridge comprising two piers, an arch .having'a-fixed )earing on one pier and a sliding bearing 'on the other pier, fixed tower bearings on the piers, towers pivotally mounted on the tower bearings. abutments at theendsiof the bridge, vertically anchored slidingibearings'fi onthe abutments, side strut members, pivot-- ally connected to the ends of the arch and to the respective sliding bearings-on the 2. A combined abutments, a chain extending overand de-' pending between the towers, the ends of the chain being connected totheendsof the ref spective strut members, and a plurality of "ertical stress members connectingthe arch and strut membersand the-chain at regular.

intervals; I suspension and arch bridge comprising two piers, an arch having a fixed bearing on one pier and a sliding bearing on the other pier, fixed tower bearings on the piers, towers pivotally mounted on the a tower bearings,'abutments at the ends of the bridge, vertically anchored sliding bearings on the abutments, side strut members pivotally connected, to the ends of the arch and to the respective sliding hearings on the abutments, a chain extending over and depending between the towers, the ends of the chain being connected to the ends of the re- 'spective strut members, and a plurality of vertical stress members connecting the arch and chain at regular intervals.

1. 2am J I eme'nt of Ch1 -"and"the drop ofthe 3. A co1 nbined suspension andarch bridge "COmPI'lSHlg two piers, an arch having a fixed bearing on one pier. and a sliding bearing on the other pier, fixed tower bearings 0n the i piers, towers pivotally mounted, on the tower bearings, abutment's at theends "of the bridge, vertically, anchored "sliding bearings on the-'abu'tments, ajs'ide arch section at each I end of thebridge-pivotally connected to the end Micheal-51 m secured to the sliding;

bearingon "t'he adjacent' abutment, a chain towers,;the ends of the chain being-connected to the: ends of the respectiv, side, arch sec-v tions,anda plurality of vertical stress membersl connecting thearch and side arch sec-- ,tions' and the chain at regular intervals.

g1. A comb1ned suspension and arch bridge compr sing-two .piers,an,- arch having a fixed bearing. onone pier and a sl 'dmgjbearmg on theiother: pier, fixed-tower hearings on the p ers, towers pivotallymounted onthe tower I bearings, ubutments at the rendsl o'f' the bridge, vertically anchored sliding bearings, on theabutments, a side arch section at each endof -the 'bridge connected to; the 'end of; 7

bearing the arch and secured to the sliding on the adjacent abutment, a chain extending over and'depending between the towers, the ends of the chain being connected to the ends I extending overland dependingbetween the I of the respective side arch sections, and a plurality of vertical stress members connect ing the arch and side arch sections andflthc' chain at regular intervals. 1

5. A combined suspension and arch bridge comprising the construction defined in claim 1, in which-the arch is in two sections pivot'a'lly connected at its center.

6. A combined suspension and arch bridge comprising the construction defined in claim 2, m WlllCll the arch is in two sections piv- .otally connected at its center.

- 7. A combined suspension and arch bridge comprising the construction defined in claim i3, 1n'wh1ch the arch IS in two sections piv- -;otally connected at its center.

8. A combined suspension and arch bridge comprising the construction defined in cla m 4, in which the arch has a central pivot joint and pivotal joints at each sideof the center.

I 9. A combined suspension and arch bridge 4, in which. the archhas a. central pivotal joint andeach side arch section has a pivotal.

.joint near the pier. r

10. A combinedsuspension and arch bridge compris ng two piers, an arch having-a fixed comprising the construction defined in claim I bearing on one pier and a sliding bearing on the other pier, fixed tower hearings onthe piers, towers pivotallymounted on the tower bearings, abutments at the ends of the bridge, vertically anchored sliding bear:- ings on the abutments, side strut members pivotally connected to the ends of the arch and to the respective sliding bearings on the abutments, a. chain extending over and depending between the towers, the ends of the chain being connected to the respective strut members, and a plurality of vertical stress members connecting the arch and .strut members and the chain at regular interthe bridge, a vertically anchored sliding bearing on one abutment, aside strut member pivotally connected to the sliding bearing of the arch and to the sliding bearing on the abutment, a chain extending over and depending between the towers, one end of which is connected to, the end .of the strut member and the other end of which-is anchored to the other abutment.

12. A combined suspension and arch bridge comprising two piers, an arch having a fixed bearing on one pier and a sliding, bearing on the other pier, towers mounted on the piers, abutments at the ends of the bridge, vertically anchored sliding hearings on the abutments, side strut members pivotally connected to the ends (of the arch and to the respective sliding bearings on the abutments, a chain extending over and depending between the towers, the ends of the chain being connected to the ends of the respective strut members, and a plurality of vertical stress members connecting the arc and strut members and the chain at regular intervals."

13. A combined suspension and arch bridge comprising two piers, an arch having a fixed bearing on one pier and a sliding bearing on the other pier, towers mounted on the piers, abutments at the ends of the bridge, vertically anchored sliding bearings on the abutments, side strut members pivotally connected to the ends of the arch and to the respective sliding bearings on the abutments, a chain extending over and depending between the towers, the ends of the chain being connected to the ends of the respective strut members, and a plurality of vertical stress members connecting the arch and chain at regular intervals.

14. A- combined suspension and arch bridge comprising two piers, an arch having afixed bearing on onepier and a sliding bearing on the other pier, towers mounted on the piers, abutments at the ends of the bridge, ,vertically anchored sliding bearings 0n bers pivotally connected to the ends of the arch and to the respective sliding bearings on the abutments, a chain extending over and depending between the towers, the ends of the chain being connected to the respective strut members, and a plurality the abutments, .side strut memof vertical stress members connecting the arch and chain atregular intervals.

15 A combined suspension and arch bridge comprising two piers, an arch having a fixed bearing on one pier and a sliding bearing on the other pier, towers mounted on the piers, abutments at the ends of the bridge, a vertically anchored slid- .ing bearing on one abutment, a side strut member pivotally connected to the sliding bearing of the arch and to the sliding bearing on the abutment, a chain extending over and depending between the towers, one end of which is connectedto the strut member and the other. end of which is anchored to the other abutment. p

In testimony whereof, I have name to this specification.

GREGORY e.-KmvosHEIN.

signed my 

